Sunset Literacy: when there is no will
When there is no will: who inherits
When someone dies without a will, the law that applies to them decides who inherits, and in what shares. For Hindus, Buddhists, Jains and Sikhs, and for others who are not Muslims, Christians, Parsis or Jews, it is the Hindu Succession Act, with the exceptions this page sets out; for Christians, Parsis and Jews, the Indian Succession Act; for Muslims, Muslim personal law; and in Uttarakhand, for the people it covers, the Uniform Civil Code. This page takes each in turn, with its source.
Whose situation this covers. A death in India without a will: for Hindus, Buddhists, Jains and Sikhs; Christians, Jews and others; Parsis; members of a Scheduled Tribe; Muslims, in outline; and people covered by Uttarakhand's Uniform Civil Code. Its sources were read in the official texts on 21 October 2026: each Act on India Code or in the official Gazette, and each judgment in its full text. Section 2 of the Hindu Succession Act, on whom the Act applies to, was read on India Code on 3 November 2026. A few cards draw on our earlier notes, whose sources were read on 9 October 2026, and say so. General information, not legal advice. This page explains Indian law in general. It is not advice about your family's situation, and Waseeyat™ is not a law firm. Waseeyat does not decide who inherits when a family disagrees; that is for the courts.
First, find the law that applies
Who inherits depends on the personal law of the person who died, and sometimes on how they married or where they lived. Start here, then read the part of this page that applies.
Hindus
The Hindu Succession Act, 1956 sets who inherits, and in what order: the next four parts of this page explain it. The Indian Succession Act's rules for a death without a will do not apply to the property of a Hindu, Muslim, Buddhist, Sikh or Jain. Indian Succession Act, section 29.
Buddhists, Jains and Sikhs
The Hindu Succession Act applies to Buddhists, Jains and Sikhs by religion as well as to Hindus. It also applies to anyone else who is not a Muslim, Christian, Parsi or Jew by religion, unless it is proved that Hindu law would not have governed them if the Act had not been passed. A child whose parents are both Hindus, Buddhists, Jains or Sikhs counts as one; so does a child with one such parent who is brought up as a member of that parent's tribe, community, group or family; and so does a person who converts or reconverts to one of these religions. In the Act the word "Hindu" includes all of them, so the cards below on the Hindu Succession Act apply to them too. Hindu Succession Act, section 2(1), its Explanation, and section 2(3).
Christians, Jews and others
Part V of the Indian Succession Act, its part on succession without a will, applies to everyone else, subject to any other law in force, such as the Hindu Succession Act for the people the card above describes. One chapter of it covers Parsis, and another covers everyone else. Indian Succession Act, sections 29 and 31; Hindu Succession Act, section 2.
Muslims
Where the parties are Muslims, Muslim personal law (Shariat) is the law the court applies to succession without a will, whatever any custom to the contrary. Muslim Personal Law (Shariat) Application Act, 1937, section 2.
Married under the Special Marriage Act
Succession to the property of a person married under the Special Marriage Act, 1954, and of the children of that marriage, is governed by the Indian Succession Act, whatever their community (section 21). If both spouses are Hindu, Buddhist, Sikh or Jain, section 21 does not apply (section 21A). From the note: Which law governs your will.
Read: which law governs your willMembers of a Scheduled Tribe
The Hindu Succession Act does not apply to members of a Scheduled Tribe unless the Central Government directs otherwise by notification, and Uttarakhand's Uniform Civil Code does not apply to them either. See the part on Scheduled Tribes below. Hindu Succession Act, section 2(2); Uniform Civil Code, Uttarakhand, 2024, section 2.
Uttarakhand
Since 27 January 2025, the Uniform Civil Code, Uttarakhand, 2024 has its own order of heirs for the people it covers. See the part on Uttarakhand below. Uniform Civil Code, Uttarakhand, 2024, section 1, and its commencement notification.
Class I heirs share first
When a Hindu man dies without a will, his property goes first to the relatives the Act lists in Class I. Only if there are none does it go further (Hindu Succession Act, section 8).
The order the Act sets
First to the heirs in Class I of the Act's Schedule. If there are none, to the heirs in Class II. If there are none, to agnates, and if there are none, to cognates: two further groups of relatives, which the Act defines in section 3. Hindu Succession Act, section 8.
Who is in Class I
Son; daughter; widow; mother; son and daughter of a pre-deceased son; son and daughter of a pre-deceased daughter; widow of a pre-deceased son; son, daughter and widow of a pre-deceased son of a pre-deceased son. Since 2005 also: son and daughter of a pre-deceased daughter of a pre-deceased daughter; daughter of a pre-deceased son of a pre-deceased daughter; daughter of a pre-deceased daughter of a pre-deceased son. Pre-deceased means having died before him. His father is not in Class I. Hindu Succession Act, the Schedule.
How Class I heirs share
They inherit together, and no one else inherits with them (section 9). His widow, or all his widows together, take one share. Each surviving son, each surviving daughter and his mother take one share each. The heirs in the branch of each son or daughter who died before him take one share between them: for a son, his widow and children; for a daughter, her children; with a further rule for the generation below (section 10). Hindu Succession Act, sections 9 and 10.
An example from the Supreme Court
A man's separate property passed to his widow and his four daughters. Each of them took one-fifth. Supreme Court, Darubai v. Kamalabai, 2026.
Class II, and beyond
Class II has nine entries, taken in order: an heir in an earlier entry comes first, and heirs in the same entry share equally. The first entry is the father. The second is a son's daughter's son, a son's daughter's daughter, a brother and a sister. Later entries include great-grandchildren through a daughter, nephews and nieces, grandparents, a father's widow and a brother's widow, and uncles and aunts. A brother or sister by uterine blood, that is, with the same mother and a different father, is not included. Hindu Succession Act, sections 9 and 11 and the Schedule.
If no heir is left
If a Hindu leaves no heir qualified to inherit, the property passes to the Government, with all the obligations and liabilities an heir would have taken on. This applies only when there is no will: if a will is proved, the people it names inherit. Hindu Succession Act, section 29; Supreme Court, State of Rajasthan v. Ajit Singh, 2025.
Daughters in a joint Hindu family
Some Hindu families hold property jointly under Mitakshara law, a school of Hindu law. A member who has a share in that joint property by birth is called a coparcener. Since 9 September 2005, daughters are coparceners too (Hindu Succession Act, section 6).
A daughter is a coparcener by birth
In a joint Hindu family governed by Mitakshara law, a coparcener's daughter is a coparcener by birth in her own right, in the same way as a son. She has the same rights in the joint family property as a son, and the same liabilities. She can leave that property by will. Hindu Succession Act, section 6(1) and (2).
Born before 2005, or a father who had died
This applies to a daughter born before or after the 2005 change. A daughter born earlier has these rights from 9 September 2005. Her father need not have been alive on that date, because the right comes by birth. Supreme Court, Vineeta Sharma v. Rakesh Sharma, 2020.
A daughter who died before 9 September 2005
Whether these rights reach a daughter who had herself died before 9 September 2005, and so her children, is a question to take to an advocate. This page does not answer it.
When a coparcener dies after 9 September 2005
Their interest in the joint family property passes under their will or under the Act, and not by survivorship: it does not simply pass to the other coparceners. It is worked out as if the property had been divided just before the death, and a daughter is given the same share as a son. Hindu Succession Act, section 6(3).
Divisions made before 20 December 2004
Section 6 does not undo a transfer or other disposal of the property, including a partition (division) or a will, made before 20 December 2004. For this purpose a partition means one made by a registered deed or by a court decree. A plea of a partition made by word of mouth, resting on spoken evidence alone, must be rejected; only in exceptional cases, where it is supported by public documents and the partition is proved as clearly as if a court decree had made it, may it be accepted. The person who relies on an earlier partition must prove it. Hindu Succession Act, section 6; Supreme Court, Vineeta Sharma v. Rakesh Sharma, 2020, and B.S. Lalitha v. Bhuvanesh, 2026.
A child of a void or annulled marriage
A child whom the Hindu Marriage Act treats as legitimate, though the parents' marriage was void or was annulled, is not a coparcener by birth. When such a parent, a coparcener, dies after 9 September 2005 without a will, the child inherits a share of the parent's share, along with the parent's other heirs, and has rights in the property of the parents only. Supreme Court, Revanasiddappa v. Mallikarjun, 2023.
A Hindu woman's property, in her life and after
A Hindu woman holds her property as its full owner, with one exception. When she dies without a will, the Act sets a separate order for her heirs (Hindu Succession Act, sections 14 to 16).
She owns it fully
A Hindu woman holds any property she possesses as full owner, not as a limited owner, whether she acquired it before or after the Act came into force in 1956: by inheritance, at a partition, in place of maintenance (support), by gift, by her own skill or work, by purchase, or in any other way. Hindu Succession Act, section 14(1).
An example
A widow whose husband died in 1949 held his interest in the property under an older law, with that law's restrictions. The Court held that section 14(1) removed them and made her its absolute owner, and that on those facts no partition with her son was needed. Supreme Court, Ganapati v. Prabhakar, 2026.
The exception, and a question still open
Section 14(1) does not apply to property she receives by a gift, a will or another document, or a court's decree or order, whose terms give her only a restricted estate, such as a right for her lifetime (section 14(2)). How the two rules fit together has been sent to a larger bench of the Supreme Court, and we had found no decision by 21 October 2026. If a will or deed gives a woman property for her lifetime only, ask an advocate. Hindu Succession Act, section 14; Supreme Court, Tej Bhan v. Ram Kishan, 2024.
Who inherits from her
First, her sons and daughters (including the children of a son or daughter who died before her) and her husband, together. If there are none, her husband's heirs. Then her mother and father; then her father's heirs; then her mother's heirs. An earlier group comes before a later one, and the children of a son or daughter who died before her take their parent's share. Hindu Succession Act, sections 15(1) and 16.
Property from her parents or her husband
If she leaves no son or daughter, and no child of one who died before her, property she inherited from her father or mother goes to her father's heirs, and property she inherited from her husband or father-in-law goes to her husband's heirs. Hindu Succession Act, section 15(2).
A question before the Supreme Court
Whether the rule that sends her property to her husband's heirs before her own parents (section 15(1)(b)) is valid has not been decided. In 2025 the Supreme Court left the question open, and a petition raising it was still pending, in mediation, at the latest order we read, of 23 August 2026. Supreme Court, Snidha Mehra v. Union of India, 2025, and a record of proceedings in a connected petition, 23 August 2026.
A will lets her choose
In the same case, the Court appealed to all women, especially Hindu women whose property would otherwise go to their husband's heirs, to make a will well in advance, preferably registered. That was an appeal, not a rule: registering a will is still optional. Supreme Court, Snidha Mehra v. Union of India, 2025; from the note: Registering or depositing a will.
Read: register or deposit
When several heirs inherit together
Hindu heirs who inherit together each own a definite, separate share. When an interest in land, a building or a business of a person who died without a will passes to two or more Class I heirs, the others have a first right to buy an interest one of them proposes to sell (Hindu Succession Act, sections 19 and 22).
Each heir owns a separate share
Heirs who inherit together take as tenants-in-common, not as joint tenants: each has a definite, separate share. The Court explained that when one of them later dies, that share goes to that heir's own heirs. Hindu Succession Act, section 19; Supreme Court, Darubai v. Kamalabai, 2026.
It is the heir's own property
Property inherited from a Hindu man under section 8 is the heir's own property, not joint family property. No one ordinarily becomes its karta, the head who manages a joint family, just because it came from a paternal ancestor. Supreme Court, Darubai v. Kamalabai, 2026.
Dealing only with her own share
In that case a widow and her four step-daughters each owned one-fifth. She could not sell part of the property as the family's karta; she could deal only with her own one-fifth. Supreme Court, Darubai v. Kamalabai, 2026.
A first right to buy
If an interest in land, a building or a business of a person who died without a will passes to two or more Class I heirs, and one of them proposes to transfer their interest, the others have a preferential right to acquire it. If they cannot agree a price, the court fixes it on application. If several want it, the one offering the highest price comes first. Hindu Succession Act, section 22.
When to use it
The Supreme Court upheld this right in 2026, in a case about inherited agricultural land, and held that it applies to such land. It is enforced through the ordinary civil procedure, and is to be used before the transfer is completed. Whether it can still be used after a sale to an outsider is complete was not decided. Supreme Court, Mahinder v. Puran Singh, 2026.
Members of a Scheduled Tribe
The Hindu Succession Act does not apply to members of a Scheduled Tribe unless the Central Government directs otherwise by notification. Three Supreme Court decisions of 2024 and 2025 show how the courts have applied this (Hindu Succession Act, section 2(2)).
What the Act says
Nothing in the Act applies to members of a Scheduled Tribe, as Article 366(25) of the Constitution defines them, unless the Central Government directs otherwise by notification in the Official Gazette. The exclusion is for Scheduled Tribes, not Scheduled Castes. Hindu Succession Act, section 2(2).
Tirith Kumar, 2024
The family belonged to a notified Scheduled Tribe, and no notification ending that status was produced, so the Act could not apply. The lower courts were wrong to apply Hindu law because they found the family "sufficiently hinduised". The Court found no error in the High Court's use of the rule of "justice, equity and good conscience" in the Central Provinces Laws Act, 1875 to give the daughters of a man who died in 1951, and their successors, a half share. The case arose in Chhattisgarh. Supreme Court, Tirith Kumar v. Daduram, 2024.
Ram Charan, 2025
Because the Act did not apply, the question was the tribe's custom, and a custom has to be proved, not assumed. In this case no custom either way was proved. The Court held that denying the woman a share in her father's property would then breach her right to equality with her brothers (Article 14 of the Constitution). Applying the same 1875 rule together with Article 14, it gave her heirs an equal share. Supreme Court, Ram Charan v. Sukhram, 2025.
Nawang, 2025
A High Court could not issue a general direction that daughters in its State's tribal areas inherit under the Hindu Succession Act rather than by custom. The Supreme Court set that direction aside. It did not decide which custom governed the family. Supreme Court, Nawang v. Bahadur, 2025.
What this means for a family
Who inherits can turn on custom, where it is proved, and on the law in force where the family lives. Our advice: ask an advocate before the family acts.
The Indian Succession Act's rules
For everyone Part V of the Indian Succession Act covers, except Parsis, the property goes to the husband or wife, or to the relatives, in an order the Act sets (Indian Succession Act, sections 31 and 32).
If a will covers only part
A person is treated as dying without a will for any property their will does not effectively dispose of, and these rules apply to that property. Indian Succession Act, section 30.
A widow's share
If the man leaves lineal descendants (children, grandchildren and so on down the line), his widow takes one-third and they share two-thirds. If he leaves none but other relatives, she takes one-half and they take one-half. If he leaves no relative at all, she takes everything. In some cases a widow with no lineal descendants first receives a fixed sum from the estate (section 33A); that does not apply to the property of an Indian Christian, as the Act defines the term. Indian Succession Act, sections 2(dd), 33 and 33A.
A widower's share
A husband has the same rights in his wife's property, if she dies without a will, as a widow has in her husband's. Indian Succession Act, section 35.
Children and grandchildren
They share what is left after the widow's or widower's share. Surviving children share equally. Where a child died earlier leaving children of their own, those children take what their parent would have taken. Indian Succession Act, sections 36 to 40.
No children or grandchildren
After any widow's share, a living father takes everything. If he has died, the mother, brothers and sisters, and the children of brothers and sisters who died earlier inherit in the ways the Act sets; with no brother, sister, nephew or niece, the mother takes everything. Failing all of these, the nearest relatives share equally. With no widow and no relative at all, the property goes to the Government. Indian Succession Act, sections 34 and 41 to 48.
Lifetime gifts are not counted
Money or property the person gave or settled on a child during life is not counted against that child's share. Indian Succession Act, section 49.
A 2026 case about a Christian family
Land a man bought in his two wives' names was their property, half each, not his, so the widow's-share rule could not be applied to it. The Court also said that property inherited under these rules is held as tenants-in-common: there is no joint family property as under Hindu law. Supreme Court, Shakuntala v. Robert Anthony, 2026.
Parsis: a chapter of their own
Parsis follow their own chapter of the Indian Succession Act, with its own shares (Indian Succession Act, sections 50 to 56).
Spouse, children and parents
A child who died earlier
No children or grandchildren
Remarriage, and equal shares
Muslims: Muslim personal law decides
Where the parties are Muslims, Muslim personal law (Shariat) decides succession when there is no will. The Act that says so does not set out the shares itself (Muslim Personal Law (Shariat) Application Act, 1937, section 2).
What the 1937 Act does
It makes Muslim personal law the law the court applies to succession without a will where the parties are Muslims, whatever any custom to the contrary. Questions about agricultural land are an exception in the central Act; a Kerala amendment leaves that exception out. Muslim Personal Law (Shariat) Application Act, 1937, section 2.
A widow's share
Applying a table of shares under Sunni law, the Court said a wife is a sharer, one of the heirs with a fixed share: one-eighth where there is a child or a son's child, however far down, and one-quarter where there is none. The husband in the case had no children, so his widow took one-quarter. The judgment does not say which school of Muslim law the family followed. Supreme Court, Zoharbee v. Imam Khan, 2025.
What is paid first
Expenses, debts and legacies (gifts in a valid will) are paid first. The sharers then take their shares, and what is left goes to the residuaries, the heirs who take the remainder. Land the man had only agreed to sell, with no sale deed before his death, was still part of his estate, so his widow could sell only her own one-quarter. Supreme Court, Zoharbee v. Imam Khan, 2025.
Wills, in passing
The Court observed, though no will was in issue, that a Muslim's will is carried out first within limits: no more than one-third of the estate, and not ordinarily in favour of an heir without the other heirs' consent. Supreme Court, Zoharbee v. Imam Khan, 2025.
Our guide, and an advocate
Our guide to Muslim wills is in preparation. Meanwhile, an advocate can advise on a family's shares. Waseeyat's guided will for Muslims is not open yet; until it opens, Waseeyat offers a fixed-fee review by an empanelled advocate instead, which opens at launch.
Uttarakhand: the Uniform Civil Code
Uttarakhand's Uniform Civil Code has been in force since 27 January 2025. For the people it covers, it sets its own order of heirs (Uniform Civil Code, Uttarakhand, 2024, sections 1, 2 and 49).
Whom it covers
The whole State, and residents of Uttarakhand living outside it. It does not apply to members of a Scheduled Tribe, or to people whose customary rights are protected under Part XXI of the Constitution. Its section on whom it covers makes no exception by religion. Uniform Civil Code, Uttarakhand, 2024, sections 1 and 2.
Who counts as a resident
An Indian citizen who meets any one of these: eligible as a permanent resident under the State's notification; a permanent State Government employee; a Central Government employee posted in the State; living in the State for at least one year; or a beneficiary of a State or Central scheme that applies in the State. Uniform Civil Code, Uttarakhand, 2024, section 3(1)(n).
What it replaces
For the matters it covers, any earlier law, custom or usage stops having effect in the State so far as it is inconsistent with the Code. Rights already accrued, and proceedings already begun, before it came into force are saved. Uniform Civil Code, Uttarakhand, 2024, section 390.
Class 1 heirs share first
The estate, including self-acquired and ancestral or joint property, goes first to Class 1 heirs: the spouse or spouses, the children, certain relatives of children and grandchildren who died earlier, and the parents, exactly as Schedule 2 lists them. Each spouse takes one share and each child one share; the branch of each child who died earlier takes one share between them; and the parents take one share together. Uniform Civil Code, Uttarakhand, 2024, sections 3(1)(e), 49 and 51.
Then Class 2, other relatives, and the Government
With no Class 1 heir: brothers and sisters; then their children; then the father's parents; then a step-mother and a brother's widow; then the father's brothers and sisters; then the mother's parents; then the mother's brothers and sisters. After them, the nearest relatives; and if there is no heir at all, the Government. Uniform Civil Code, Uttarakhand, 2024, sections 49, 52 and 53 and Schedule 2.
Since January 2026: spouse, not only widow
Schedule 2 first listed a "widow" among Class 1 heirs. Since 26 January 2026, first by an ordinance and then by the Amendment Act of April 2026, it says "spouse", so a surviving husband is listed too. Uniform Civil Code, Uttarakhand (Amendment) Act, 2026, section 20.
Some general rules
A child in the womb who is born alive inherits. If two people die together, the younger is presumed to have survived the elder unless the contrary is proved. A person who commits or abets (helps to commit) murder is disqualified from inheriting. A disease, defect or deformity does not disqualify anyone. Uniform Civil Code, Uttarakhand, 2024, sections 55 to 60.
Dealing with the property
What the family does next matters too. These points come from Supreme Court decisions and from our earlier notes.
A revenue entry is not ownership
Mutation, the change of name in the land revenue record, gives no one ownership. It is made for fiscal (revenue) purposes only. An entry in the revenue record neither creates nor ends anyone's title, and a civil court can still decide who owns the land. Supreme Court, Jitendra Singh v. State of Madhya Pradesh, 2021; Tarachandra v. Bhawarlal, 2025; Jamnabai v. Vasudev, 2026.
A co-heir does not lose a share by a revenue entry
A later revenue entry in another person's name is not, by itself, enough to show that a co-heir gave up their right. Whoever says a co-heir gave up a share must prove it. Possession by one co-owner is ordinarily possession for all, and one heir shuts another out only by openly asserting that the property is theirs alone, with exclusive possession, to the other's knowledge. Supreme Court, Jamnabai v. Vasudev, 2026.
Release deeds in a family
A release is a document by which a person gives up a share. The Supreme Court has said that a registered document carries a presumption that it was validly executed; in that case, those who attacked a registered release had to rebut the presumption, and did not. In a joint Hindu family governed by Mitakshara law, a coparcener's release of his share in return for consideration (something given in exchange) takes effect at once. Where its execution is admitted, consideration is shown and later conduct confirms it, courts should not defeat a registered release by demanding further formalities. Supreme Court, P. Anjanappa v. A.P. Nanjundappa, 2025.
Our advice: write it down, with an advocate
If the heirs agree that some of them will give up their shares, have an advocate draft the document and advise on registration and stamp duty, and ask the registration office about the fee. That is good practice, not a rule of law. In one 2026 case, the courts found that a vague, unregistered letter of consent did not prove that an heir had given up his share. Supreme Court, Jamnabai v. Vasudev, 2026.
Money owed to the person who died
To recover a debt owed to the deceased through a court, a person entitled by succession must produce probate (a court's grant on a will, made to the executor it names), letters of administration (another grant from a court), a succession certificate that names the debt, or one of a few older certificates (section 214). A succession certificate is applied for to the District Judge (section 372). Banks and companies may ask for one of these documents too: ask the institution what it needs. From the note: Probate and succession certificates after December 2025.
Read: probate and succession certificatesName every heir, including children
A succession certificate obtained where material facts were suppressed or misstated can be revoked. In a 2026 case, a minor heir who was never made a party could not be expected to answer a public notice, and the certificate, granted in the heir's absence, was set aside. Our advice: name every heir, including any minor, when applying. Indian Succession Act, section 383; Supreme Court, Deepesh Maheswari v. Renu Maheswari, 2026.
If there is a nominee
A nomination and an inheritance are not the same thing. For shares and other securities, the Supreme Court has held that a nominee does not become the owner, and that a nomination does not override the succession laws. Supreme Court, Shakti Yezdani v. Jayanand Jayant Salgaonkar, 2023.
Read: nominations and your will
A will lets you choose. An advocate can help after a death.
These rules apply when there is no will. A will lets you decide who receives your property, within the limits the law sets for you. Waseeyat is opening soon.
A will that follows your law
When sign-up opens, Waseeyat asks your religion only to apply the right rules, and says why it asks. When you list what you own, it asks for the nominee on record for each asset, so you have both in one place.
If your situation mixes the rules
Waseeyat's questions ask whether you changed religion, live abroad or own property outside India, and stop the guided will for any of these, offering a fixed-fee review by an empanelled advocate instead. If anything else mixes the rules for you, such as living in Uttarakhand or belonging to a Scheduled Tribe, ask for that review. Advocate reviews open at launch.
Wills made by Muslims
The guided will for Muslims is not open yet. It opens after an empanelled advocate has reviewed it. Until then, Waseeyat offers the fixed-fee advocate review instead.
After a death
Succession certificates and letters of administration are court proceedings. An empanelled advocate handles them for a fixed fee quoted before the work starts, and signs their own work. Waseeyat itself does not appear before any court. This service is not open yet.
What we do not do
We do not decide who inherits when a family disagrees; that is for the courts. We do not rank, rate or advertise advocates, and we never take a share of anyone's estate.
Make your own choices, in a will
Waseeyat is opening soon. When sign-up opens, you answer plain questions. Waseeyat applies the rules of the law that governs your will and checks your answers for gaps and contradictions, and a person reviews the draft. Then you print it and sign it in ink before two witnesses, who also sign.
See every step first How it works explains each step, from the first question to the signed will. How it works
Not legal advice This page is general information about Indian law, not legal advice. Waseeyat is not a law firm.